Those who first settled in what is now the Ocmulgee National Monument did so for a variety of reasons. First among them was its location along the river, which provided them with a source of water, vital to life and essential for food production. Second, the fertile soil in the area surrounding the river provided the perfect conditions for a variety of crops to grow in. Colonists later settled the area for some of the same reasons, but they also used the river as a means of transporting goods to other locations. Highways and railroads were also constructed through Macon, making it a prime location for settlement, while also maintaining easy access to nearby cities like Atlanta, Savannah, and Columbus.
http://www.nps.gov/ocmu/historyculture/index.htm
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